HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY-I
Unit I
Introduction to human body
Definition and scope of anatomy and physiology, levels of structural
organization and body systems, basic life processes, homeostasis, basic
anatomical terminology.
Cellular level of organization
Structure and functions of cell, transport across cell membrane, cell
division, cell junctions. General principles of cell communication,
intracellular signaling pathway activation by extracellular signal
molecule, Forms of intracellular signaling:
a) Contact-dependent
b)
Paracrine
c) Synaptic
d) Endocrine
Tissue level of organization
Classification of tissues, structure, location and functions of epithelial,
muscular and nervous and connective tissues.
Unit II
Integumentary system
Structure and functions of skin
Skeletal system
Divisions of skeletal system, types of bone, salient features and functions
of bones of axial and appendicular skeletal system
Organization of skeletal muscle, physiology of muscle contraction,
neuromuscular junction.
Joints
Structural and functional classification, types of joints movements and its
articulation
Unit III
Body fluids and blood
Body fluids, composition and functions of blood, hemopoeisis, formation of
hemoglobin, anemia, mechanisms of coagulation, blood grouping, Rh factors,
transfusion, its significance and disorders of blood, Reticulo endothelial system.
Lymphatic system
Lymphatic organs and tissues, lymphatic vessels, lymph circulation and functions of
lymphatic system
Unit IV
Peripheral nervous system
Classification of peripheral nervous system: Structure and functions of
sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system. Origin and functions of spinal and cranial nerves.
Special senses
Structure and functions of eye, ear, nose and tongue and their disorders.
Unit V
Cardiovascular system
Heart – anatomy of heart, blood circulation, blood vessels, structure and functions of
artery, vein and capillaries, elements of conduction system of heart and heart beat, its
regulation by autonomic nervous system, cardiac output, cardiac cycle. Regulation of
blood pressure, pulse, electrocardiogram and disorders of heart.
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