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PHARMACEUTICAL ANALYSIS

UNIT-I  (a) Pharmaceutical analysis- Definition and scope  i) Different techniques of analysis  ii) Methods of expressing concentration  iii) Primary and secondary standards.  iv) Preparation and standardization of various molar and normal solutions- Oxalic acid, sodium hydroxide, hydrochloric acid, sodium thiosulphate, sulphuric acid, potassium permanganate and ceric ammonium sulphate  (b) Errors: Sources of errors, types of errors, methods of minimizing errors, accuracy, precision and significant figures  (c) Pharmacopoeia, Sources of impurities in medicinal agents,limit tests.  UNIT-II  Acid base titration: Theories of acid base indicators, classification of acid base titrations and theory involved in titrations of strong, weak, and very weak acids and bases, neutralization curves  Non aqueous titration: Solvents, acidimetry and alkalimetry titration and estimation of Sodium benzoate and Ephedrine HCl  UNIT-III Precipitation titrations: Mohr’s method, Volhard’s, Modified Volhard’s,
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HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY-I

Unit I   Introduction to human body  Definition and scope of anatomy and physiology, levels of structural organization and body systems, basic life processes, homeostasis, basic anatomical terminology. Cellular level of organization  Structure and functions of cell, transport across cell membrane, cell division, cell junctions. General principles of cell communication, intracellular signaling pathway activation by extracellular signal molecule, Forms of intracellular signaling:  a) Contact-dependent  b) Paracrine  c) Synaptic  d) Endocrine  Tissue level of organization  Classification of tissues, structure, location and functions of epithelial, muscular and nervous and connective tissues.  Unit II  Integumentary system   Structure and functions of skin Skeletal system  Divisions of skeletal system, types of bone, salient features and functions of bones of axial and appendicular skeletal system Organization of skeletal muscle, physiology of muscle contraction, neuromuscular junction. Jo
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CLINICAL RESEARCH

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"Click on Orange colour titles for notes" 1. Drug development process:   Introduction Various Approaches to drug discovery      1. Pharmacological      2. Toxicological      3. IND Application      4. Drug characterization      5. Dosage form   2.   Clinical development of drug :      1.  Introduction to Clinical trials      2.   Various phases of clinical trial .      3.   Methods of post marketing surveillance            4.  Abbreviated New Drug Application submission .      5. Good Clinical Practice                 - ICH  guidelines               - GCP  guidelines               - Central drug standard control organisation (CDSCO) guidelines           6. Challenges in the implementation of guidelines      7. Ethical guidelines in Clinical Research      8. Composition, responsibilities, procedures of IRB / IEC      9. Overview of regulatory environment in                 -  USA                  - Europe                
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